Cracking the Code of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cracking the Code of Change - Essay Example In most of the cases we see that change management is considered necessary and good (Ogbonna, and Wilkinson, 2003, p. 1151). The contemporary ideas for change reflect that the managers must be capable enough to plan out organizational changes and also be responsive enough to the changing environment. Organizational changes require large efforts and time of the managers as well as other employees. According to a British Survey, about 94 percent of the organizations experienced planned change in 1997 (Study, and Grey, 2003, p. 2). This study aims at discussing the change management theories and every other dimensions of change in the organizations. It would begin with a basic overview on change and the traditional approaches on change management in organization. Then the essay would lead the readers to the different theories presented by different authors on change and its strategic impact on the organization. The essay would also include the impact of change on the competitive advanta ge of the company by citing examples from the article â€Å"Cracking the Code of Change". ... Other authors have different perspectives. They believe that organizational change includes behavioral patterns of blocking higher performances of the organization and analyzing the consequences to understand the underlying values and assumptions. The secondary reason could be the culture, which should also be considered. There are numerous approaches to change or change management and many ways to categorize them. The two major ones are the Planned and Emergent approach. Since 1950s to 1980, the theories of organizational change were dominated by the planned approach. This was developed by Kurt Lewin and further revised by the Organization Development movement (Simms, 2005, p. 121). The planned approach focused on improving the effectiveness and the operation of the human resource of the organization. This could be done with the help of team based programmes for change management (Collins, 1998, p. 60-62). However, in 1980s the world received the oil shocks and this led to the sever e economic downturn in the western countries. In this scenario, it was absolutely clear that organization had to transform them to face the situations. In this situation the Planned changed started receiving criticism and questions were raised with regards to its effectiveness and efficacy. Against the backdrop of the economic downturns in the west, the Emergent approach began taking the position of the traditional change approach. This approach was based on the new economic situation of the market and organization found the touch of reality in this approach. The emergent approach viewed change as a process where individuals are the parts of the organization who deal separately with individual goals, one at

Social Injustices Essay Example for Free

Social Injustices Essay â€Å"It is obvious today that America has a defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked as â€Å"insufficient funds. † But we refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity in this nation. So we have come to cash this check – a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. – Martin Luther King Jr. In the novel Warriors Don’t Cry and the film Remember the Titans the translation of power from whites to African Americans is portrayed very clearly reflecting the time period of the late 1950’s to the early 1960’s. First, in the novel Warriors Don’t Cry, when the Little Rock Nine integrated Central High there was a mass number of white students that wanted to execute them. President Dwight D. Eisenhower tried putting a stop to this by bringing in the 101st Airborne to protect the nine students. However, his solution did not go to its full extent, Governor Faubus refused this and started taking the soldiers out of the school and replacing them with the Arkansas National Guard. When Governor Faubus did this it aroused many problems such as: the nine students were not safe at all and also when an attacker came on to one of the nine the soldiers just stood there and watched. Also there was a white boy named Link in the novel that helped Melba out. One of the things he did was on a school night he called her warning her not to sit in her assigned seat the next day because the segregationist planned something very sinister. So when she entered that class the next day she did not sit in her seat because there was peanut butter and glass in her assigned seat. Next, in the film Remember the Titans Coach Yoast had a chance to be in the hall of fame only if he lost the next football game on purpose. When the Titans came out and smashed the team in that game Coach Yoast was told that he was out of the running. So then the next day when Yoast and Coach Boone were talking, Coach Boone told him that he was a hall of famer in his books. Also when Julius was waiting outside of Gerry’s house a cop pulled up next to him and told him that he did very well in the game on the previous night. My favorite part in the film is a great example of shifting of power. Was when all the football players were not getting along at camp and Gerry and Julius bonded after a play by saying â€Å"Left side, Strong side. † This was a turning point in the movie because it showed the team that it was okay to trust a person of another color, they were a team. Another example was on the first day of school Gerry introduces his girlfriend Emma to Julius, and when Julius sticks out his hand to shake hers and she walks away in anger. However later in the season Emma comes down on the football field during a game and shakes Julius’ hand. All in all, even though today we do not have all these problems we still have them in our society but if these things would not have happened we would not be where we are today. In the book Warriors Don’t Cry and the movie Remember the Titans there are many different times when there is a shift of power such as when Julius and Gerry become best friends and when the president assigns troops to protect nine black students.

Why the Cold War developed by 1949 Essays -- essays research papers

By 1949, the Cold War had developed in many ways since 1945. The most significant factor to the development of the Cold War since the end of World War II, was the building of the Iron Curtain in 1946 which divided the communists countries of Eastern Europe from the non-communist countries of the West and considerably contributed to the hostilities between the West and the USSR. Other reasons why Cold War had developed by was because of the different ideology to begin with, the Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine, the Berlin Blockade, the sphere of influence and the NATO, which united the Western powers. The most important reason why the Cold War had developed by 1949 was because of the building of the Iron Curtain, which divided the Communist east, from the non-communist West. This was significant because it was the first huge action adding to the growing opposition between the USA and the USSR and made it impossible for the West to intervene in Stalin?s Communist plans. Stalin was able to gain such control behind the Iron Curtain because the West had agreed to the ?Sphere of Influence? and most of the countries were war-torn, poor and chaotic and communists were already there. This lead to the making of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Act. The Truman Doctrine was relatively significant in developing the Cold War, and came about because of the worry about Stalin taking over Eastern Europe. The Truman Doctrine was a rule made in 1947 in response to the recent communist takeover of Eastern Europe, to contain communism. This meant that the USA would support any nation who was in danger of being taken over by communism, with money, equipment and advice. The financial side of the Truman Doctrine was agreed in the Marshall Plan i... ...ngthened the Western side and meant that if an attack was made on the West, the countries would support each other. However, although this weakened the Eastern side, between 1948 and 1949, the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb, meaning that the arms race was about to begin. In conclusion, in between 1945 and 1949, the Cold War had significantly developed mainly because of the increasing hostilities between the East and West. By 1949, the arms race had begun and Stalin had created the Iron Curtain to divide Communist Eastern Europe and non-communist Western Europe. The three sectors of Germany had united and had gained a good reputation for helping the Berliners in the Berlin Blockade. The Marshall Plan lead to the forming of Cominform and this retaliation sets the pattern for the rest of the Cold War, because of the idea of ?one-upmanship?.

A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay -- Women Roles, Children, Analysis

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a 19th century realist play that was the first of its kind to analyze women’s roles in the typical household in such a stressed manner. Ibsen created this play for his audiences to become observers to observe his characters interact. As the play progresses, it is apparent that the characters mingle with one another in a very childish manner. Ibsen uses this childlike action in A Dolls House in order to convey the image that he sees to the observers. Ibsen uses childishness in the characters of A Dolls House to compare gender roles in 19th century Europe and ridicule the common household marriage of his day. A Doll’s House is based around the relationship of Torvald Helmer, the chief of a local bank, and his wife, Nora. The foolishness in the relationship between the two is evident early on. â€Å"Is that my little lark twittering out there† (Ibsen 1), said Torvald to Nora. By the use of the pet name â€Å"little lark†, it is clear that Torvald does not have an incredible amount of respect for his wife, and her response â€Å"Yes, it is!† (Ibid) shows that Nora has little respect for herself as well. The quotes show the insincere passion the two characters have for each other. Torvald uses other pet names for Nora throughout the play like â€Å"little squirrel,† (Ibsen 2), â€Å"featherhead,† (Ibid), â€Å"Miss Sweet Tooth,† (Ibsen 4), â€Å"spendthrift,† (Ibid) and â€Å"little person† (Ibid). Torvald’s use of pet names and insincere compliments show an inequality between the spouses. Each of these names show Torv ald’s incredible lack of respect for Nora and creates a sense that Nora is less of a wife and more of pet, toy, or doll to Torvald. On page 2, Torvald takes Nora â€Å"playfully by the ear,† again demonstrating the relation... ...ss. She does what she deems best and leaves her husband and kids. In A Doll’s House, the characters are simplified into childish representations that are motivated only by self-interest; George Orwell would be proud. The metaphor of a doll house is effective in Ibsen’s satire of the typical European marriage of the 19th century. Ibsen’s parallels between the Helmer household and an actual dolls house gives the play more depth, and the thought of women being treated like pets was effectively ridiculed. The characters’ immaturity is a subtle twist to this play that enables it to get Ibsen’s point across in a unique way; through his characters’ childishness, Ibsen gets the point across that the average housewife did not deserve to be treated like property with no respect. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll's House. Mineola, N.Y.|: Dover Publications,, 1992. Print.

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Essay

Describe key areas of the selected company’s code of conduct that are of significant importance to the business, and explain why. The first question we should ask ourselves â€Å"what is ethics?† I think ethics are a collection of principles and practices that a business believes in, statements and more specific policies about conduct to give employees, partners, vendors, and outsiders an idea of what the corporation stands for and how it’s staff should conduct themselves . The Cheesecake Factory was established in the 1940s by Oscar and Evelyn Overton. In 1972 they open their first business store to Los Angeles, CA known as the Cheesecake Factory. Now The Cheesecake Factory has over 170 locations around the world. Having such a large corporation like Cheesecake Factory brings a lot of ethical and business problems when it comes to having such a large stores and staff. We should always remember that everyone has their own set of moral ethics that they live by at tend to take those same ethics to the work place. When writing a code of ethics it is important that these will cover every staff member from the top of the corporation to the lowest lever employee. Key areas that are of significant importance to The Cheesecake Factory start with the general standards of conduct in how all its employees will be treated by fellow employees and by management. The standards deals the basic values that we all have, with the expectation of building trust, loyalty, honesty, respect, and a high level of professionalism within the company. The cheesecake Factory has an established code of ethical conduct that is an essential factor in maintaining a proper balance in the human aspect of ethics and the link to the business success. Corporate leaders and managements need to be careful about their behaviors and how they make important decisions. Although all areas of the Cheesecake Factory’s code of ethical conduct is important for the success of the company, there are a few key areas of the company’s code of ethical conduct that are of significant importance for The Cheesecake Factory. 1-The first occurs in Article IV, in the â€Å"Conflicts of Interest,† section that pertains to transactions and investments. This specifically states that an officer or a director† should avoid participating in any transaction or investment that conflicts with, or gives the appearance of a conflict with, the interest of the company.†(Reference 1) This is key in maintaining ethics because a person who is in a leadership / management positions must be loyal to only their organization; otherwise, all decisions that are made and act are suspect as to the integrity of the choice, especially concerning money matters. 2- A second key area of The Cheesecake Factory’s code of ethical conduct that is of significant importance is in Article V, in the â€Å"Compliance with Company Policies and Procedures,† section that pertains to confidential information. It is very important and essential for the success of any company and business especially, the confidentiality of information, especially for third parties, be maintained. This leads to another key area that is also in Article V of the company’s code of ethical conduct. In the section that pertains to insider trading. In the section that deals with prohibiting insider trading it states that, â€Å"An officer or director shall observe the Company’s policy prohibiting trading on the basis of material, non-public information.†(Reference 1) 2.Explain the key steps that the company should take to ensure that employees follow the code of conduct. There are some key steps that a company can take in order to ensure the employees follow the code of conduct. 1-The Cheesecake Factory should have a â€Å"compliance department† that handles all disputes and investigations regarding violations of the code of conduct. This specific department at Cheesecake Factory should have designated employees that govern the entire company’s employees and handle any issues that arise. 2-The Cheesecake Factory can  take to ensure the employees follow the code of conduct is to have each employee sign and date, the code of conduct when they hired and give it to the employee a copy and keep another copy in the employee files. This makes it possible for the employee and the company to be on the same page from the beginning of the working relationship. This process can repeat every year for the existing employees to follow the code of conduct. 3-The Cheesecake Factory can take to ensure the employees follow the code of conduct is complete mandatory â€Å" Business ethics† training videos for new and existing employees every year. These videos make sure reminder of all employees’ business ethics and code of conduct. 3. Suggest three (3) ways in which the restaurant can engage in socially responsive activities in the community within which it operates The Cheesecake Factory can engage many socially responsive activities in the local community. 1-The Cheesecake Factory can donate foods to local food banks, soup kitchens and homeless shelters. Restaurants always have extra food that does not used for any reasons or left over foods. As a respectful company being able to donate fresh food to shelters and feeding someone who is unable to have a meal, would be wonderful social responsive project and activity. 2-The Cheesecake Factory could engage in socially responsive activities in the community would be to help raise money for a local non-profit organizations, charities, children hospitals or cancer associates. This could be done by donating money, ask costumers to participate or fund rising which will show that the company is giving back to the local community in which it is a part. 3- The Cheesecake Factory could engage in socially responsive activities in the community would be to offer free meals to shelters for specified holidays, such as Thanksgiving and Christmas. 4- Also Cheesecake Factory could run campaign for â€Å"Local Food Drive† to contribute as a company and ask their costumers donate dry and canned foods to reach local families who needs help .This is one of excellent way of giving back to the local community. References: 1. (March 16, 2004) The Cheesecake Factory Incorporated. Amended and Restated Code of Ethics for Executive Officers, Senior Financial Officers, and Directors. Retrieved from: http://investors.thecheesecakefactory.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=109258&p=irol-govconduct. 2. (January 2001) C.B. And R.L. â€Å"The Legal Environment of Business: Text and Cases: Ethical Regulatory, Global, and Corporate Issues.† Cengage Learning, 8th edition. 3. (January 2012) Ferrell, O.C. And John Fraedrich. â€Å"Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases.† Cengage Learning, 9th edition.

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years The Compromise of 1850 was a set of bills passed in Congress which tried to settle the issue of slavery, which was about to split the nation. The legislation was highly controversial and it was only passed after a long series of battles on Capitol Hill. It was destined to be unpopular, as just about every part of the nation found something to dislike about its provisions. Yet the Compromise of 1850 served its purpose. For a time it kept the Union from splitting, and it essentially delayed the outbreak of the Civil War for a decade. The Mexican War Led to the Compromise of 1850 As the Mexican War ended in 1848, vast stretches of land acquired from Mexico were going to be added to the United States as new territories or states. Once again, the issue of slavery came to the forefront of American political life. Would new states and territories be free states or slave states? President Zachary Taylor wanted California admitted as a free state, and wanted New Mexico and Utah admitted as territories which excluded slavery under their territorial constitutions. Politicians from the South objected, claiming that admitting California would upset the balance between slave and free states and would split the Union. On Capitol Hill, some familiar and formidable characters, including Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun, began trying to hammer out some sort of compromise. Thirty years earlier, in 1820, the U.S. Congress, largely at the direction of Clay, had tried to settle similar questions about slavery with the Missouri Compromise. It was hoped that something similar could be achieved to lessen tensions and avoid a sectional conflict. The Compromise of 1850 Was an Omnibus Bill Henry Clay, who had come out of retirement and was serving as a senator from Kentucky, put together a group of five separate bills as an omnibus bill which became known as the Compromise of 1850. Clays proposed legislation would admit California as a free state; allow New Mexico to decide whether it wanted to be a free state or slave state; enact a strong federal fugitive slave law, and preserve slavery in the District of Columbia. Clay tried to get the Congress to consider the issues in one general bill, but couldnt get the votes to pass it. Senator Stephen Douglas became involved and essentially took the bill apart into its separate components and was able to get each bill through Congress. Components of the Compromise of 1850 The final version of the Compromise of 1850 had five major components: California was admitted as a free state.Territories of New Mexico and Utah were given the option of legalizing slavery.The border between Texas and New Mexico was fixed.A stronger fugitive slave law was enacted.The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia, though slavery remained legal. Importance of the Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 did accomplish what was intended at the time, as it held the Union together. But it was bound to be a temporary solution. One particular part of the compromise, the stronger Fugitive Slave Act, was almost immediately a cause of great controversy. The bill intensified the hunting of slaves who had made it to free territory. And it led, for example, to the Christiana Riot, an incident in rural Pennsylvania in September 1851 in which a Maryland farmer was killed while trying to apprehend slaves who had escaped from his estate. Disassembling the Compromise The Kansas-Nebraska Act, legislation guided through Congress by Senator Stephen Douglas only four years later, would prove even more controversial. Provisions in the Kansas-Nebraska Act were widely disliked as they repealed the venerable Missouri Compromise. The new legislation led to violence in Kansas, which was dubbed Bleeding Kansas by the legendary newspaper editor Horace Greeley. The Kansas-Nebraska Act also inspired Abraham Lincoln to become involved in politics again, and his debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 set the stage for his run for the White House. And, of course, the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 would inflame passions in the South and lead to the secession crisis and the American Civil War. The Compromise of 1850 may have delayed the splitting of the Union many Americans feared, but it couldnt prevent it forever. Sources and Further Reading Ashworth, John. Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic: Volume 1 Commerce and Compromise, 1820–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Hamilton, Holman. Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2005.Waugh, John C. On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and how it Changed the Course of American History. Books on the Civil War Era 13. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2003.

Ptang, yang, kipperbang Essays

Ptang, yang, kipperbang Essays Ptang, yang, kipperbang Paper Ptang, yang, kipperbang Paper Ptang, yang, kipperbang is a play written for television which focuses around the life of a teenage boy, named Alan Duckworth. Set after the war, the play gives the viewer or reader a well documented insight into teenage life at this point in time. The main character, Alan is not only a keen cricket fan like most boys his age, but has developed an infatuation for an attractive girl in his school. Although at first glance Alan seems to be like any other teenager, beneath this image is a boy who is healthily in touch with his feminine side. This leads to a play which not only adopts a successful comedy routine between Alan and his friends, but in the end, turns Alan into the unlikely hero of the play. The writer of the play, Jack Rosenthal ensures Ptang, yang, kipperbang sets itself from the crowd. He achieves this by using a certain dramatic device, which can only be labelled as genius. Rosenthal employs John Arlott, a famous sports commentator to provide play-by-play of the test cricket match, England against Australia to coincide with the events in Alans life. Its this commentary along with Rosenthals thought and preparation into the characters, which makes Ptang, yang, kipperbang such a joy to read and even more so to watch. The stage directions can not be ignored when reading the play, but naturally they go without acknowledgement. When watching the play, however they obtain a high degree of importance throughout the production, from Alans jerk in pain when he receives his punishment from the headmaster to Anns kiss on the cheek towards the end of the play, they all serve a purpose, some more than others. Its these stage directions which highlight the fact that Ptang, yang, kipperbang is in fact a play written for television and not for the stage. For one, the majority of the stage directions required for the play to be acted out to full effect demands a physically larger area than a stage. For example, Alans daily chores for his father, which were in fact an excuse for Alan to indulge himself in Anns presence. The scenarios used in the play also demonstrate that the play was written for television. This is evident in that there are so many scenarios in the play, I dont know where to start. From the school grounds where Alan talks to the caretaker, Tommy about cricket and life in general, to Anns house where as soon as Alans love object is out of view, he U-turns to arrive home. Upon review of the play, my favourite scene was undecided. There were so many that stuck out in my mind as memorable, such as the cross country P. E lesson, a classic example of the chemistry between Alan and his friends along with their comical antics. Alan is shocked and insulted when he discovers prostitutes refuse to kiss; (stops dead) They wont kiss? His friends reply by crudely remarking that its a price theyre willing to pay to employ a prostitute. Another scene which I find to be one of my favourites is one of the many Tommy and Miss Land conversations, the particular one I have in mind however is that of when Tommy is enlightened by Miss Land that she had a relationship with an American during the war. Miss Lands addition of virtually to the end of every sentence, along with Tommys irony makes the scene an asset to the play; One! One American! Virtually.. Old men and Yanks! Bloody old two-faced fogeys and randy Yanks! While me and my oppos are spilling blood and guts all over Africa and France and the sodding Rhineland! Both Tommy and Miss Land are lying to themselves in this scene. Miss Lands self deceit is visually obvious as her virtually spree suggests. Later in the play, Tommys claims of fighting valiantly in the war turn out to be false, he mentions in spite of Miss Land that he was fighting for Queen and country whilst she meddled with old men and foreigners. These two scenes, however entertaining, come in at a close fourth and third in my opinion. One of the two scenes that I have decided are joint for first place is Alans scene with the Headmaster, the comments between thrashes and the Headmasters demeanour throughout is what makes this scene primarily so entertaining. Alans physical response to his punishment, him avoiding contact with a seat for some time after, also adds to the value of this scene. I think Jack Rosenthal achieves such a level of humour from a place with the opposite emotional atmosphere (being the dreaded Headmasters office) by using this feeling of dread to his advantage. Instead of portraying the Headmaster as a stern and cold man, he shows that not only has he the strictness to be a Headmaster, but the unique blend of a sense of humour as well. Its this combination that makes the scene such joy to read. The other scene that makes up my personal top spot double is yet another example of the rib-tickling chemistry between Alan and his friends which explained earlier, is just one of several wild-cards Rosenthal uses to make Ptang, yang, kipperbang what it is, a successful comedy play written for television. The scene in question is the brilliant pontoon game parody staged in the boys lavatory. Alans half participation in the game, explaining the days earlier events, whilst his friends play with a trance-like attitude is entertaining on its own. As the scene goes on, Alan grows more impatient with his unimpressed companions. The game continues and his friends, still oblivious to Alans dilemmas and more to the game at hand, and in an ironic twist reveal they have lost patience with him. Sod off Quack-Quack. Youre getting on my nerves! (Turns his cards over) Pontoon. Match null and void. Ungentlemanly play from Quack-Quack. I had bloody pontoon! As Quack-Quack or Alan detaches from his friends, there are no signs of Alan even being present. Pontoon seems to be the popular topic of choice. In my opinion, Ptang, yang, kipperbang offers much more than meets the eye. One of the things I picked up from the play was its employment of comedy to put across certain points, for example, the daily after school pressing sessions. This demonstrates adolescent behaviour in a humorous and nai ve manner. This is a frequent occurrence throughout the play, which proves to be a success. The point made at the end by two workmen on Alans street, which primarily left me in a state of confusion as well as no doubt many others came in the form of the following; Hell be starting shaving next. Then spend the rest of his life trying to stop the bleeding. Although vague, I interpret the comments to be a forecast for later on in Alans life where as the workmen believe, despite his current desire to grow up will lead Alan to long for his days as a schoolboy again. This may be Jack Rosenthals way of presenting the stereotypical old mans clichi. The time you spend in school are the best days of your life.

Procrastination and Homework

Procrastination and Homework Do you procrastinate? Most of us put things off from time to time, like when were supposed to be studying for a test or starting our lengthy research paper assignments. But giving in to diversions can really hurt us in the long run. Recognizing Procrastination Procrastination is like a little white lie we tell ourselves. We think we’ll feel better if we do something fun, like watch a TV show, instead of studying or reading. But when we give in to the urge to put off our responsibilities, we always feel worse in the long run, not better. And whats worse, we end up doing a poor job when we finally get started on the task at hand! Those who procrastinate the most are usually performing below their potential. Do you spend too much time on things that don’t matter? You may be a procrastinator if you: Feel the impulse to clean your room before you get started on a project.Rewrite the first sentence or paragraph of a paper several times, repeatedly.Crave a snack as soon as you sit down to study. Spend too much time (days) to decide on a topic.Carry books around all the time, but never open them to study.Get angry if a parent asks â€Å"Have you started yet?†Always seem to find an excuse to avoid going to the library to start on the research. You probably did relate to at least one of those situations. But don’t be hard on yourself! That means you are perfectly normal. The key to success is this: it is important that you don’t allow these diversion tactics to affect your grades in a bad way. A little procrastination is normal, but too much is self-defeating. Avoiding Procrastination How can you battle the urge to put things off? Try the following tips. Recognize that a feisty little voice lives inside every one of us. He tells us it would be rewarding to play a game, eat, or watch TV when we know better. Don’t fall for it!Think about the rewards of accomplishments, and put reminders around your study room. Is there a specific college you want to attend? Put the poster right over your desk. That will serve as a reminder to be your best.Work out a reward system with your parent. There may be a concert youre dying to go to, or a new coat youve spotted in the mall. Make a deal with your parents way ahead of time- make an agreement that you can receive the reward only if you reach your goals. And stick to the deal!Start with small goals if you’re facing a big assignment. Don’t get overwhelmed by the big picture. Accomplishment feels great, so set small goals first, and take it day by day. Set new goals as you go.Finally, give yourself time to play! Set aside a special time to do whatever you want. Afterward, youâ⠂¬â„¢ll be ready to get to work! Find a study partner who will help you stay on track. Meet regularly to discuss your commitments and deadlines. Its a strange thing about human nature: we might be willing to let ourselves down easily enough, but we hesitate to disappoint a friend.Give yourself ten minutes or so to clean your space before you get started. The urge to clean as a procrastination tactic is common and it is based on the fact that our brains desire the feeling of starting with a clean slate. Go ahead and organize your spacebut dont take too much time. Still find yourself putting off those important projects? Discover  More Procrastination Tips  to help you manage your time effectively.

Research proposal (add payment) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research proposal (add payment) - Assignment Example The main benefits of this topic and research is that it allows the managers of the 21st centaury understand how to motivate their employees based on the various theories that have been developed in the past. The main aim of this research is to use the knowledge gained from the past theories and to provide a clearer view to managers to help them be able to incorporate these theories into the current time in the corporate world. The research will also contain recommendations based on the various theories however will be a newer approach to fit into the current corporate world. Managing people at work is an essential element of any business. Human Resources Management is a specialised function by itself and requires to be managed with special care and attention. Employees are an asset to any company. Human resource management deals with managing these assets. Human resource management deals with ensuring that all the needs of employees are met and that the company receives the best from the employees. It is very important for the business to ensure that the employees that have been recruited are able to perform the duties both effectively and efficiently. The key ideas for managing people revolve around Psychology, Sociology, Unitarism, Pluralism, Contingency theory and Ethics (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004). There are a number of different strands of thoughts in the field of motivation of employees. There have been several scholars who have developed a number of theories about the optimum ways to manage people at work. The dissertation will include the theories of many that will be discussed further. The management theories to a great extent provide a clear ground work of this provides a steady base for this study. This is majorly because it is essential to understand the theories of management before moving into the motivational theories. Management theories are in a number if ways the first and most essential elements of business which every

Sociology of war 3153 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sociology of war 3153 - Essay Example When that much time is taken in the building up of hatred, the matter of winning and losing can become the matter of life and death. Kashmir has been always the premium issue between Pakistan and India. One of the main reasons that Pakistan wants a substantial area of Kashmir is that it is one of the most vital resources of water for it. There is a huge number of Muslims in Kashmir who want to be a part of Pakistan. That is why there is an uprising of Kashmiris against the Indian army for freedom and they are oppressed by them by the use of violence. The opposition seemed to have died down in the past 10 years but now again; the protest is as stronger as ever. The world has neglected this issue so far but it must not be neglected further. Pakistan and India are nuclear powers now and an outbreak of war between them could be the beginning of a Third World War. There are many consequences that the aggravation of this conflict would entail. The involvement of China is sure as they have a claim on an area of Kashmir called Ladakh. They have been at war with India in the past on this issue3. The continuing investment of China in Pakistan is worrying India as they claim that it is â€Å"part of China’s growing encirclement of India†4. They are closing in on the completion of a naval base in Gawadar which would improve their trade and be very useful for war motives. On the other hand, the U.S is automatically drawn in the issue as they want Pakistan to employ their army on war on terror5 rather than on the Indian border. There is also confusion for Pakistan as when they see the strengthening friendship of U.S with India, it’s not clear whether U.S is their friend or an enemy. U.S wants a stable Pakistan for a stable Afghanistan but it is not likely to happen. They have sufficient influence over both Pakistan and India to do many

Movie Piracy - Is There a Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Piracy - Is There a Solution - Essay Example This paper attempts to answer questions such as these. It argues why movie piracy should be stopped and how it can be curbed to a large extent, if not completely stopped. I. Instilling Ethics The film industry experiences losses to the tune of hundreds of billions of dollars due to movie piracy. Film studios and copyright holders are the largest victims. Movie piracy began with the advent of VCRs in the 1980s (Straubhaar, LaRose, and Davenport 204). Ever since, the copying and selling of movies has been rampant. It is vital for both, vendors of pirated movies and consumers of pirated movies, to realize that the very practice of propagating and consuming pirated movies is unethical. It is unjust to jeopardize and exploit the hard work of others and deprive them of their fair share. Pirate activities undermine every aspect of the legitimate filmmaking business since legitimate retailers cannot possibly compete fairly with pirate business. Pirate operations do not have the average expen ses associated with the cost of doing legitimate business. Piracy negatively affects every rung on the ladder including the studios that invest in the film, the distributors, the retailers, and foreign and local filmmakers (MPAA qt. in Pang 43). Movie piracy is prevalent worldwide. According to Indian filmmakers, movie piracy accounts for at least 50% loss of revenue (Badam 46). Commenting at the practice of movie piracy, Mukesh Bhatt, an Indian film producer, states, â€Å"I’ve seen my movies pirated in streets abroad and it makes my heart bleed because it means I’m not getting my rightful share,† (Badam 46). Those indulging in movie piracy need to realize that they are stripping the filmmakers of their hard work and well deserved earnings. It is important to understand that being involved in such unethical activities only for a few dollars is against civility and humanity. II. Highlighting the Actual Victims Another issue that must be brought to public notice is that movie piracy is not a victimless crime. Supporters of piracy may argue that it is not harmful to anyone and that it in fact eases the pockets of consumers who cannot afford to spend too much money. This belief is contrary to the actual reality. Video piracy in fact harms the economy in many ways, whose effects cascade down to the general public including the perpetrators of the crime themselves.  

Discussion Question wk5 dq2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question wk5 dq2 - Assignment Example (Larson, 2010) Interactive marketing on the other hand targets on even a more micro level and focuses on individual customers. Its requires active participation of the customer aswell to engage in the marketing process. Hence is more effective means of communicating and providing information regarding the product. The marketing technique will vary depending upon the type of product. In my opinion I shall use interactive marketing as I would like to build my product as a brand through inclusion of suggestion given by the customers regarding my product. Whereas if direct marketing is chosen , due to the clutter consumers have stopped paying attention to direct marketing approaches due to too much clutter now. The main disadvantage of direct marketing is that people are reluctant that their information may be provided to other advertisers and they’ll get bombarded with promotions and advertisements. Also when your information is in a database there is no way through which you can opt out the list so that you don’t get any further promotional offers or advertisements. Also due to the clutter now , direct marketing is losing its effect as consumer are reluctant to pay attention to similar offers and ads by many new similar

TOPIC OF INTERES THAT AFFECT POPULATION HEALTH Research Paper

TOPIC OF INTERES THAT AFFECT POPULATION HEALTH - Research Paper Example The increase in elderly population and emergence of various lifestyle chronic diseases requires nurses with advanced skills that are offered by advanced nurse practitioners (White & Trauax, 2007). Scholarship is important for advanced practice nurses and entails conducting literature reviews that influence the current and future nursing interventions. Scholarship for advanced practice nurses refers to academic study of higher level or grants that awarded to support their higher education based on achievement. In order to attain the scholarship, the individual must first obtain the registered nurse’s (RN) license by passing the required national examinations that are the diploma from accredited nursing schools, associate degree or bachelors degree from nursing schools. According to the literature reviews, nurse practitioner status starts with a Bachelor of Nursing (BSN) and practice as a Generalistic registered practitioner for several years before the individual can attain licensure as registered nurse. Becoming advanced nurse practitioner requires enrollment in to a Masters of nursing practice programs and some individuals continue up to doctoral level. According to Jansen & Zwygart-Stauffacher (2010), the advanced programs focus on specialized nursing knowledge and skills such as cardiology, surgery and emergency medicin e (p 35). Accordingly, the nurses are required to pass a national board certification exam in special population focus such as adult-gerontology, psychiatric and family practice (Miller, 2008, p 257). Furthermore, the nurse practitioners are expected to attain a minimum continuing medical education credits and practice hours in order to attain licensure that is offered by the state boards of nursing (DeNisco & Barker, 2013). The literature reviews has identified some topics as health promotion, pathophysiology, different diagnosis and radiography

Discussion Question wk5 dq2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question wk5 dq2 - Assignment Example (Larson, 2010) Interactive marketing on the other hand targets on even a more micro level and focuses on individual customers. Its requires active participation of the customer aswell to engage in the marketing process. Hence is more effective means of communicating and providing information regarding the product. The marketing technique will vary depending upon the type of product. In my opinion I shall use interactive marketing as I would like to build my product as a brand through inclusion of suggestion given by the customers regarding my product. Whereas if direct marketing is chosen , due to the clutter consumers have stopped paying attention to direct marketing approaches due to too much clutter now. The main disadvantage of direct marketing is that people are reluctant that their information may be provided to other advertisers and they’ll get bombarded with promotions and advertisements. Also when your information is in a database there is no way through which you can opt out the list so that you don’t get any further promotional offers or advertisements. Also due to the clutter now , direct marketing is losing its effect as consumer are reluctant to pay attention to similar offers and ads by many new similar

Why a current television show or movie is so popular Essay

Why a current television show or movie is so popular - Essay Example has emerged to be not just one of the most popular (it is ranked within the top ten biggest grosser of all time) but one artifact that have crept in our consciousness and embedded itself as a lingering icon of modern culture. In a study of the movie, several obvious elements can be seen why the masses embraced Star Wars in an almost cult-like manner. The movie appealed both to children and adults alike because of the combination of the superhero tale and science fiction. For children, there is the story about a boy who became a hero by fighting his own shadow. The narrative is reminiscent of the plotlines that have made myths and fairy tales endure for ages such as the Greek Odyssey. There are several elements, including those that are symbolic, that are present to appeal to the young minds – the robots, Princess Leia, loyal friends, the mystical Jedi knights, amazing locales and gadgets, epical adventures, etc. For adults, the fiction depicting the struggle between good and evil and its science fiction genre proved tantalizing. Then, there were the mature themes of politics and religion, which explored value and meaning in life. The spectacular graphics and epic storytelling communicated to adult preference as well. This appeal is pivotal to the success of the movie. As the movie combined all the pulp fiction genres and stepped into the mythological narrative traditions, people flocked to the theaters. Star Wars was able to introduce a â€Å"family movie† wherein parents and children go, watch and enjoy the movie together. Family outings would have been unthinkable during the golden age of Hollywood. Star Wars is an embodiment of the rise of pop culture in the modern world. Today’s generation look to the media – television, movies and electronic games – not just for entertainment but solace amid a world of busy people, stressed and working parents. As with the other artifacts of the pop culture, the content of Star Wars became for the young generation

Juvenile Adjudication Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Adjudication Essay It is a common knowledge that juvenile offenders in the US were those violating the law and arrested by the authorities at age 17 and lower. Quite a number of researches by psychiatrists and sociologists have been conducted on the causes of juvenile delinquency. It was the 13 year study of McCord and McCord published in 1959 involving 650 eleven year old children that gave credibility and proof to the hypothesis that â€Å"Parental permissiveness and laxness is the cause (†¦) of such delinquent and aggressive behavior. In fact, children coming from homes with permissive parents are thirteen times more likely to produce delinquent and aggressive ehavior than children coming from homes with overly strict and punitive parents†. (Hwang, et al, ca 2007, Abstract). According to the authors, this conclusion was supported with similar study conducted by Paulson involving California adolescents incarcerated for striking their parents in 1990. The Nature of Juvenile Courts It was a common knowledge that a juvenile court was established by different states in the U. S. to handle cases of delinquent, dependent or neglected children under the age of 18. The common law violations of juveniles were delinquency, status offenses, abuse and neglect. The same kind of offense committed by youths in one state is subject to different rules in another state due to the fact that juvenile courts are primarily run by state and county courts and not by the federal government (law. rank. org, 2008). The website further reported that some states adjudicate youths guilty of unlawful acts with both a juvenile and adult sentence. The juvenile sentence is served first and then continues with the adult sentence at age 21 onwards. This extension of the sentence to age 21 is normally under the condition that the delinquent was not eformed or rehabilitated while under a juvenile sentence or his sentence exceeds the number of years till his 21st birt hday. Though each state treats juvenile delinquents differently, the juvenile courts are dedicated to protecting the child’s privacy and well-being and seeing to it that the delinquent is rehabilitated either under house arrest or under the guidance of foster parents and social workers. 2 Despite the efforts of the federal government to curb juvenile crime rates, during the 1980’s, there was an experienced increase in serious crimes committed by youths. Victims of serious crimes were not satisfied seeing the youth not imprisoned and just confined in special rehabilitation house. As a result of the clamor for justice and the increase in violent crimes perpetrated by the youth, some states consider adjudicating the youth offenders under the adult court despite being contrary the juvenile justice law. There were claims that subjecting the youth offenders to adult court and punishment will discourage youth offenders from graduating to full pledge adult criminal. This paper aims to elucidate the issues related to endorsement of uveniles to adult court and those against it and strike a compromise on punishing the youth offenders to bring justice to victims while maintaining the right of due process stipulated in the juvenile court. Juvenile Crime Trends in 2000’s and Policy Changes Young and Gainsborough (2000) claimed that the proportion of juvenile crimes to total arrests in 1998 was about the average for the past 25 years and that of property crime arrests declined throughout the most of the period. The authors claimed further that the one crime category that exhibited significant increase from the overall trend during the 25 year period was urder perpetrated by youth offenders as shown in the following graph: Criminologists Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld (cited in Young and Gainsborough, 2000) reported from their analysis that the sudden increase in gun killings were related to the 3 development of the crack markets in metropolitan cities where fierce turf wars were waged with juveniles recruited by market organizers. As more guns came into the streets, juveniles armed themselves with guns for protection and self-defense resulting to spiraling of death cases. The sharp decline of murder cases in recent years according to the criminologists was due to market tabilization of crack and police authorities’ efforts to keep guns off the hands of juveniles. Related to this, according to Myers (2005) in his book Boys Among Men, there has been serious debates in the last 40 years related to juvenile courts’ philosophy, structure and procedure. The author added that â€Å"A variety of critical attacks have focused on such issues as due process violation, ineffective treatments and rehabilitation services, abuse of the juvenile courts’ power, lenient treatment of adolescent offenders and general lack of direction in dealing with adolescent crimes†. (p 71). On incisive analysis, these issues may have contributed heavily to mounting serious juvenile crimes. Myers (2005) claimed that the criticisms combined with the rapid increase of juvenile crimes in 1980 to mid-1990s and heavy media attention in sensationalizing juvenile crimes contributed to the erosion of traditional philosophy and authority of the juvenile courts. The author added that the central issue is the transfer of juveniles to criminal court which was equivalent to a move of criminalizing delinquent behavior. In relation to this, Young and Gainsborough (2000) commented that the legislative esponse to increased wave of serious crime focused on sending more and younger children to adult criminal court with the intention of discouraging the juveniles from committing murder crimes. The authors reported that since 1992, almost all states has made legislation to make it easier to try juveniles in adult court. The federal government through Congress initiative in 1998 provided additional grants to states with legal policies related to prosecution of those 14 and above as adults. It was an accepted practice since the inception of juvenile justice system hat serious and chronic crimes done by juveniles can be transferred to adult criminal court through a process of judicial waiver following a hearing in front of a judge in juvenile court. In reaction to mounting serious juvenile offenses, the judicial waiver was broadened to allow 4 juvenile court judges to transfer younger juveniles and those with less serious offenses to adult court by means of mandatory waiver. The authors further added that prosecutorial discretion was broadened to allow prosecutors more authority in their hands to file juvenile cases to either juvenile or criminal court as they choose. The statutory exclusion was also expanded to exclude certain juvenile offender categories from juvenile court jurisdiction based both on age and nature of offense. The legal provision of â€Å"Once an adult, always an adult† was enacted by almost all states which in effect automatically place the juvenile in adult court for the trial of subsequent lesser offenses once the offender was tried previously in criminal court. The policy changes resulted to abnormally high rate of juvenile children being tried as adults. The authors revealed that per data of Amnesty International in 1998, as many as 200,000 outh under 18 years of age were prosecuted in criminal courts. In 13 states which set the upper age limit of juvenile court jurisdiction at 15 rather than 18, a total of 180,000 juveniles were adjudicated in adult court. Although the central objective of the laws facilitating juvenile offenses prosecution in adult court was to discouraged homicide and violent crimes, the impact was much wider. The authors reported that in 1996, more than half of the cases waived to criminal court were non-violent drug and property offenses; 43% were person offenses, 37% were property offenses, 14% were drug related and 6% were public order disturbance. Moreover, racial disparities were very evident; 67% of juvenile adjudications were black and 77% of juveniles sent to prison were minorities (60% black, 15% Hispanics and 1% American Indians and Asians). Despite using drugs at a much lower propensity than whites (15. 7% of blacks, 16. 7% of Hispanics , 19. 6% of whites aged 12 to 17), 75% of juveniles charged with drug offenses in adult court were black and 95% of juveniles sentenced to adult prison were minorities. It was very evident that discrimination toward minorities which should not be the case actually happened as a result of juvenile transfer to adult courts.

Ensure The Intended Audience Receive Right Message Media Essay

Ensure The Intended Audience Receive Right Message Media Essay Human beings are the social animals live with others. From the moment we are born until the last moment of our life, our whole life is a process of socialization. We are living with other people in the various kind of things related. Personal chat with the neighbors, teaching someone or learning something forms others, showing the opinions to others so on. All those kind of activities are communication. So, all the human societies involve the communication and the communication takes an important place in the human societies. What is communication? The communication can be defined as a processing of transferring the information by several methods between the sender and receiver. How is the communication made and how do the people ensure the audiences have received the right massage in their communication? Lets discuss about the communication process and the right ways of communication. 2.0 Communication process The purpose of communication is getting the right message across to others clearly. The communication only can succeed when the both parties (the sender and the receiver) understand the same information as a result of the communication. So, how can we make effective communication? A Communication Process is usually used when a sender wishes to communicate formally within an organization. By using the Communication Process, the sender could be ensured that there are no miscommunications to be occurred. Figure à «Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ­Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…“.jpg In the figure 1, the sender is the encoder, the message is verbal massage or written message, the channel is one of the medium which to transmit the message, the receiver is the decoder, feedback is a response of the message, and the noise is any kind of interruption which can disturb the communication. And each of the essential elements is playing the important role in making the effective communication. Sender (encoder): A sender is the one who initiate the communication. Anyone who starts the conversation can be a sender. An effective communication is depending on the senders communication skill, level of his knowledge, attitude or how much the sender desires to affect the receiver. The person who uses the appropriate words, sentences, gestures, tone and so on might be a good communicator. The sender has to be well prepared the knowledge for the particular topic before he starts conversation. Also, the sender has to respect the person whom he communicates. Encoding: Encoding is formulating the message. That is not only translating the senders mind (ideas, thinking, information, opinion or etc) into a message but also deciding what kind of medium to use for the communication. Speaking, writing, gesturing, signaling etc can be a kind of encoding. Before, the sender choose the medium, he has to think about the receivers abilities of understanding. For example, if there are an illiterate receiver and the sender sends the written message to him, the receiver will fail to understand the message but the receiver can understand if the sender talks to him orally. The purpose of communication is the sender want to influence the receiver and get the responses. So, how the sender encode the message is the most important in the communication. Channel: A channel is the medium for carrying the message from the sender to the receiver. There are many types of channel for the communication. The channel can be verbal (voice), non verbal (written words), or mass media (television, radio, newspaper, magazine, book and etc). Choosing the right channel is very important to make the receiver to understand the message clearly. Especially for the marketing of the organization, choosing the right channel is very important because it can affect the accomplishment of the project directly. Decoding: Decoding is the interpretation of the message by the receiver. Reading of the written message, listening and understanding of verbal message, and watching the media (television, or film) can be a decoding. The receiver also has to try to understand the meaning of the message form sender. Then can make a effective communication. Feedback: the feedback is the response of the receiver to the senders message. The feedback provides the opportunities of improving the conversation and more effective. It is also giving the chance of evaluating mistakes or right things in the particular conversation. And it helps to regulate the conversation between the sender and the receiver. Noise: The noise is interruptions in communication. It interrupts the communication process and to make the communication ineffective. The Environment is one of the major causes of noises. Anything interrupts the communication can be a noise. For example, the television or radio sound, noise of the children, noise of roadside, bad condition of phone line etc. All those kind of thing can be a noise of communication. Therefore for effective communication, it is necessary to reduce the noise as possible as they can. 3.0 The ways to ensure the intended audience to receive right message The communication skill is attached great important to all the people in these days. The good communication skill helps the people to avoid misunderstanding and argument. It also can help someone to get opportunities in certain circumstances. In the communication, not all the audiences understand the senders message clearly. So, how can sender ensure that the intended audience has received the right message? There are some skills the sender should consider for his communication. Control the voice(volume, tone, and the speed) It is the well known fact that the audiences usually understand the speakers message from the other things a lot more than actual words he uses. Especially, the speakers voice affect the audience understands so much. If the speaker speaks too fast, the audience cannot catch up what the speaker wants to say and if the speaker speaks too slowly, the audience might lose their concentration and cannot receive right message. As same meaning, the speaker needs to control and change his volume, tone and the speed to attract the audience to concentrate in the conversation. Using suitable word and pronunciation To ensure the audience has received the right message, the speaker must use the suitable word. The word cannot be very difficult or too easy to lose the audiences interest. Also, the speakers pronunciation is very important in verbal communication to make the audience to understand .If the speaker speaks the dialect or mispronounces the audience is hard to understand the message. Therefore, the speaker should use the standard language. Using some body language As it mentioned above, the audience more understand the message not from the speakers word. If the speaker uses some body language during the conversation, it will help the audience to understand the meaning of the message. But the speaker needs to be careful to use some body languages because some of the body language has different meaning in different cultures. Reducing the noise Any kind of noises in the communication interrupt the audience to concentrate in the conversation. Only reducing the noises, the speaker can make more effective communication. Sometimes reducing the noise is difficult because some of the noise we cannot control. Well preparation Before the communication, the speaker should prepare himself fist. He should know what the purpose of communication is, and how he is going to talk to the audiences. He also should prepare structure of message and it will help him not to talk about out of point. With well-prepared message, the speaker can get more confident to talk. An d the smooth presenting helps the audience to understand the speakers message clearly. Analyzing the audience before the communication There is a phrase in Korea If you know your enemy and yourself, you can win every battle. As this phrase if the speaker knows about the audiences, he can attract the audience better and make them to concentrate on the conversation. For example, different types of people have different knowledge level, if the speaker knows the audiences knowledge or education level, he might choose right word to present the message and it will help the audiences to receive right message form speaker. Right time, Right place Although the speaker has very great communication skill, if he chooses wrong time or wrong place, the audiences cannot receive the right message. Speech during the lunch time, the audiences cannot concentrate on the speech. Also if the speaker talks in very noise place, the audiences cannot hear what the speaker wants to say. Asking the question to the audiences To ensure the audiences understand the message, the speaker can ask the questions to the audiences during the speech. The speaker can know whether the audiences understand or receive the right message or not immediately. At the same time by asking the question, the speaker can get back the audiences attention too. Controlling the speech time Long speech time can make the audiences to lose their concentration. The speaker might give the audiences short break. It will help the audiences to refresh themselves and they can pay attention in the speech. Using auditory visual effect People decode the message by not only hearing but also seeing, feeling etc. Using the auditory visual effects, the speaker can stimulate the audiences decode abilities. And it will help the audiences to understand the message easier. Providing hand-out If the speaker provides the hand-out to the audiences, it also helps the audience to get right message because the audiences can refer the important point although they miss during the speech. Emphasizing the important point When the speaker speeches, he should emphasize the important point. At the important point, he might speak louder or repeat the point two or three times to let the audiences to know that is the main point of the speech. Especially before the speaker ends the speech, summarize the main point to make sure that the audiences get the right message. Dress code Before the speech starts, the audiences judge the message from the speakers dress code even though it is not related to the message. The speaker should attract the audiences with his dress code, he might be able to attract with the message too. If the speaker shows his neat and tidy visual, the audiences will open their heart to listen to the speech. Using positive words All the people like to listen to the positive words rather than the negative words. So, the speaker might attract the audiences with the positive words to make them to concentrate in the speech. 4.0 Conclusion (Q2) As a person who lives in this world, every day, every hour, even every minutes, we need to communicate with others in different ways. A man plays the different role in different situation. He might be a presenter, a writer, or an audience too. In the communication, the most important part is not only sender but also a receiver. If the both parties do not play their role well it cannot be an effective communication. The sender has to send the message clearly and choose right medium, right time and right place. The audience has to concentrate on the senders message. People cannot live without communication. Therefore they should learn communication skill to avoid any miscommunication. 5.0 Introduction Q2 The well-built communication is one of the competitiveness of the organization. It helps to motivate the employees by sharing the mission and vision for achieving firms goals. Especially how well the firm communicates with consumers affects the firms brand image and revenue. The most common communication medium is an advertisement. And choosing the right medium for the advertisement helps to make impressive communication to the target audiences. The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd is going to introduce the new menu called Bibimbab. Bibimbab is a popular Korean traditional dish. The word literally means Mixed rice. Namul(seasoned vegetables), sliced meat(usually beef), fried egg with Korean traditional chili pepper paste are served on top of the warm white rice. Now the product manager of The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd is looking for the methods, the mediums and the vehicles to use for the communication with target audience. Lets look at their advertisement project. 6.0 Advertising Mediums The advertising medium can described as the method which brings out or carries the advertisers message to the audiences. And the advertising medium makes the connection between the firm which manufactures the products or offers the services and the consumers who are interesting in the products. The media is commonly described as channels of mass communication such as television, radio, newspaper, magazine and so on. The advertising media can be classified major three part; print, electronic, and moving. Print media: The term print media is any printed medium which are commercially published. For example, newspapers, magazine, flyer, brochure and bill-board are kinds of print media. It is the most easy and effective way of spreading the information to the masses. However, the advertisement through the print media has short shelf life because the most of print media advertisement are read once and discarded. Also increasing the popularity internet becomes one of disadvantages of print media advertisement because a lot of people prefer to read online version rather than reading printed version. Electronic media: The electronic media is the medium which uses the electronic energy to access the content for the audience. For example, television, radio, cinema, electronic bill-board are kinds of electronic media. It is the easiest the way to reach the large number of the audiences in a short period of time. And it provides more creativeness for the advertising. However it has some disadvantages. It is limited communication because the length of exposes is limited. Normally the most of advertisements through electronic media are allowed to be exposed around thirty seconds only. Transit media: The transit media is also called as out-door media. The transit media is the medium which uses the vehicles to a platform of advertising. For example, bus, train, monorail are kinds of moving media. It is important to reach audiences of all the ages. It is an advertisement which following the consumer. So, no matter the audiences wants or not he can see the advertising. This point can help to maximise the advertisement effect. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages. Transit media advertisements are easy to damage compare with other mediums because the advertisement is exposed in open environment. Also, it is not appropriate to show all the detailed services of the products. 7.0 Bibimbab advertisement in The Star newspaper Advertising in newspaper has many advantages to the small business owner. It takes lower cost but high effectiveness. 7.1 The advantages of newspaper advertisement are as follow: Cost effective advertisement Through newspaper advertisement, the firm can enjoy lower cost but high effectiveness. The cost of newspaper advertisement is cheaper compare with other mediums such as television, radio, bill-board advertisement. Also it does not need to spend much budget for the high technology artwork. Because the newspapers print quality is not very good. So, simple artwork also should not be a problem for the newspaper advertisement. The newspapers are distributed in large areas. The firm can advertises the product in locally target area through the newspaper distribution. It also helps to save the cost for the firm. Large variety of advertisement size In newspaper advertisement, there are more choices for the size. Depend on the firms budget, purpose, or design, the firm can choose different sizes in different pages. The firm also can choose black and white advertisement or full color advertisement. Physical advertisement The newspaper advertisement is printed advertisement. So it can contain more details such as price list, company details, coupon etc. other medias are hard to contain detail information especially electronic media because it is not physical advertisement so, it is hard to show the detail information. However, the newspaper advertisement can contain more detail information. 7.2 Bibimbab advertisement bibimaba-16.jpg This is very simple Bibimbab advertisement. The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd made this advertisement in The Star newspaper. Because according to Audit Bureau of Circulations, as an English language newspaper, The Star has largest daily circulation in Malaysia. Especially in Kuala Lumpur area, The Star newspaper is No.1distributed English language newspaper. This fact helps The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd to reach the target audiences effectively. The main point in this advertisement is the colourful ingredients of Bibimbab. The Main ingredients of Bibimbab are vegetables and the different colours of vegetable makes the harmonies on the Bibimbab. And the colourful dish can attract the consumer in their first sight. The bowl which contains the Bibimbab is a brass bowl and it shows the Korean traditional custom. The brass bowl was commonly used in the every family for keep the food warm and fresh. The brass bowl is most suitable for Bibimbab as a public dish. The garish back ground colour is enough to emphasise the Bibimbab. Next to the Bibimbab dish, there are a set of spoon and chopstick. It shows Korean traditional food culture as well. Under the Bibimbab picture, there is wording How about BIBIMBAB for lunch today? Bibimbab might be not very familiar name to many people. To write Bibimbab in capital letter and make the font size bigger than others, let the audiences to recognize that this advertisement talks about Bibimbab. And as a word for lunch, the consumer might able to know Bibimbab is a kind of dishes. Asking the readers How about Bibimbab for lunch today? makes the readers more curious about Bibimbab. Every lunch time, people think what to have for lunch today. And the people who see this advertisement might think that what is Bibimbab? Is it delicious? Lets try it for lunch today. At the top of the advertisement, there is a simple explanation of Bibimbab. To use small font to show it is extra explanation only. And at the right bottom there are company details which are company name, telephone number, and the address. If the readers want to get more information, they can make a call to ask directly. All the wordings in this advertisement are white because the background colour is dark gray. So if the wording is dark colour the reader cannot read. If the wordings are too colourful, it interrupts the focus on the colourful Bibimbab picture. White letters can make the harmony with the Bibimbab picture and the background. 8.0 Conclusion In mass communication anyone can be a receiver. Person who watch television, person who read the newspaper or magazine, even the person who waiting for the bus at bus station etc all of them can be a receiver because the mass communication is usually in one way. And it has many kinds of mediums to reach the target audiences. There are three mediums which are commonly used print media, electronic media and transit media. Each media has their own advantages and disadvantages. To analyse communication mediums helps the firm to reach the target consumers at right time, right place, and right methods. The most important thing in mass communication is it must be able to deliver the right message of sender to the audiences very clearly and persuade them. Therefore, when the firm makes the advertisement, it has to consider the use of all the elements of advertisement such as wording font size, theme font, colour, picture, size, background and even structures of it. All those simple elements can affect the success rate of advertisement.

Cutting the OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) :: essays research papers

CUTTING THE OSINT The main problem with cutting back or eliminating any intelligence gathering discipline is the possible problem of the loss of information that can be utilized to derive intelligence. All information that can be collected should be gathered, processed, and disseminated to the all-source fusion agency in order to completely draw the best picture of an investigated situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the latter half of the twentieth century a burst of electronic technology occurred and developed an astounding amount of information via the Internet that is growing with more information by the minute. Most of the information that is publicly available is gathered by a resource known as open-source intelligence (OSINT). Due to budget cutting and having to eliminate one â€Å"INT†, the OSINT must be considered for the following reasons. One of the main problems with OSINT is that there is so much information; it is sometimes difficult to figure out what to collect and what not to collect. An analyst trying to scan through the tons of data in order to find quality information for a request can spend hours trapped in research. Albeit, the Internet is not the only tool available to an OSINT analyst, the majority of other information can be found somewhere on the world-wide-web via electronic city maps, business web sites, etc. This leads to the next point of availability to everyone. The analysts from the other disciplines; HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, and MASINT, most certainly have the Internet available. Many times there is not a need to put in a request for an OSINT analyst to research out information that is readily available to an analyst. The time that it takes an analyst from the HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, MASINT, or an all-source fusion agency to put in a request to an OSINT analyst and place a product on pause is not practical. Time could be better spent conducting the research within the INT or all-source fusion entity and thus bringing a more favorable result in the information found. Many times information disseminated from other INTs to an all-source fusion agency can be the wrong information, or the consumer could also be asking the wrong request for information from the OSINT analyst. If each analyst conducts the research, there is no doubt as to whether the question is answered correctly or not. This can eliminate the process of having to conduct double work on the same request and save more time and money overall.

History of Trinidad Essay -- Essays Papers

History of Trinidad The history of Trinidad began far before Columbus landed on the island. Before any Spanish lived on the island, it was inhabited by two indigenous tribes. The Arawaks lived in the southern region of the island. The Caribs, who were regarded as a much more violent and vicious than the Arawaks, lived in the north. The Caribs are described as â€Å"warlike† people and for this reason they were able to withstand more of chance fighting the Spanish conquerors, though not enough. The recorded history of the island begins with Columbus' landing in July 31, 1498. The island was appropriately named Trinidad after the Holy Trinity. Spain showed little interest in the new territory until about 1530 when Antonio Sedeno was named Captain-General of the island for life. This mission did not last as many suspected, Sedeno returned back to Spain within four years after not being able to tame and civilize the natives. Donimgo de Vera in St. Joseph established the first permanent settlement in 1592 in St. Joseph. Over the next two centuries more attempts at colonization were made but with little success. This all culminated in 1699 with the Arena Massacre, in which the natives killed the Spanish governor and all but one of his men and all of the priests. This kept people weary of the island and it's people until the end of the 18th century. True colonization was not until the Cedula of Population was established in 1783. This document was designed to draw people of ot...

Myths of the American Revolution

The American Revolution is a pivotal point in United States history, considering it was a main event in the creation of the United States itself. However, there are many myths surrounding it that are widely believed to be true. The main information we remember from elementary school and a lot of what textbooks and history teachers have taught us is at least partially incorrect. The main myth of the American Revolution is something that all US Americans, as a general rule, believe and agree with.It is something that forms the basis for our entire governmental system and policy of freedom as a country. According to A People’s History of the United States, Thomas Paine visualized the government presented in the Constitution would have a great common interest. He thought it would benefit all people equally, and in doing so, as Howard Zinn put it, he â€Å"lent himself perfectly to the myth of the Revolution. † That myth was that the Revolution was for the welfare of a unite d people.Contrary to what most US citizens believe and actively support, the United States was not separated from England because people wanted equality. The delegates who made the decision to declare independence and the ones who would most benefit from that were all basically middle-aged, property owning white men. These people made up a relatively small percentage of the population, and therefore the actions they took cannot be defined as for a united people.The people were not, in fact, united at all, but simply following the actions of the Continental Congress and acting out of self-interest for want of money and profit. There were even people who did not want to separate for Great Britain at all and were against independence. The wishes of these people were ignored, and so the idea of the US starting with equality that we all were brought up to believe, is in fact a myth caused by people who were lucky enough to get some land and wind up in a decision-making situation.

Coppola’s first feature film Essay

Similarly, the 1992 adaptation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula by Francis Ford Coppola has an equally complex representation of Dracula. Francis Ford Coppola was born in 1939 in Detroit, USA, but he grew up in a New York suburb in a creative, supportive Italian-American family. His father was a composer and musician, while his mother had been an actress. Francis Ford Coppola graduated with a degree in drama from Hofstra University, and did graduate work at UCLA in filmmaking. He was training as assistant with filmmaker Roger Corman, working in such capacities as soundman, dialogue director, associate producer and, eventually, director of Dementia 13 (1963), Coppola’s first feature film. In Francis Ford Coppola’s representation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula, he chose to portray a typically evil creature as a complicated, ominous yet sensitive individual. In this interpretation, Dracula apparently has human emotions; he is feeling what humans feel. He tried to suck Jonathan Harker’s fianci e’s blood but is overcome by emotions and memories of his dead wife, and spares her for the time being. He also has human urges, both physically and mentally. But despite how humanlike Dracula may seem in this version of Dracula, he is still surrounded by the obvious evidence that point to the evil part of his person . He is dressed in red and black robes which connote blood and sinister-like things. But his polite voice is used as a withdrawal from his unnatural aura. He has weathered and very pale skin which emphasizes the connotations of blood, and ghostlike hair that match the colour of his skin. Also, his ability to take on any form facilitates the fact that he is a sinister character. Also, the mis-on-scene on various occasions make Dracula seem even more sinister than normal. The music alternates, the lighting is dim on a close up shot which creates a sense of concealment and makes the viewer use their imagination. Despite this, Dracula’s distressed emotional state might make the viewer sympathise with him. This interpretation of Dracula by Francis Ford Coppola would be suitable for an even more modern audience than Nosferatu and Hammer Horror’s version. The viewers of this film will respond to it with a variety of emotions. They might have been frightened of Dracula because of his ability to transform and take on any form which might spark a sense of paranoia within their minds and make them think that anyone around them could be Dracula himself. But they might also sympathise with Dracula because of his traumatic loss, and might feel a connection with him as they might know how he feels, loosing a loved one. They could view him as a strong-willed and self-controlling villain because it is unlikely for a vampire to resist the urge to bite into fresh skin, especially when it is offered to them on a plate just as Jonathan Harker’s wife was to Dracula. So why are those 3 representations of Bram Stoker’s Dracula so different? I think it’s due to the time when the movies were made. During the time when Nosferatu was made, the technology was terrible and nothing had been invented that could create a half-decent movie. But in Dracula (1952), technology had clearly developed which made it possible to create a movie including advanced special effects and costumes. Furthermore, in Francis Ford Coppola’s version in 1992, the technology had improved even more, making room for a movie that re-defines the quality and meaning of the movie: Dracula. Another reason why representations of Dracula changed overtime because people have come up with new ideas. I think this links in with the idea of what society are scared of, which is another reason why the representations of Dracula have changed overtime. This is because as society becomes scared of new things, then people have to come up with new ideas to satisfy the needs and wants of their audience. I think that Francis Ford Coppola’s representation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula is the most effective because he portrayed a typically evil being with characteristically no emotions, as a self-controlling and strong willed individual. He turned a villain that is most likely to be a hated icon amongst most people, to something that could draw the feeling of kindness and consideration from the viewers’ hearts, eradicating the fact that he is a blood-sucking villain that deserves to have a stake pushed through his seemingly heartless chest.

Double Standards in Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Double Standards in Sexuality - Essay Example Today just like in the past generations, sexual double standards has progressed to a level that it is no longer considered as an issue worth frowning at (Gerodetti, 2004). In this paper, the issue of sexual double standards will be discussed to evaluate the existence of the issue from a historical and contemporary position. The difference in the men and women sexuality as has been perpetuated within the society thus gaining an acceptable status within the communities will also be discussed in the paper. In the Victorian era, the attitude towards sexuality differed and this is believed to have strengthened the double standards issue as we know it today. For example, sexual activities and practices such as masturbation in women and men were viewed from a different angle and this led to varying support to the different genders on the same topic. For example, during this era, it is believed that men were more concentrated on the effects of masturbation to them as compared to having a sexual relationship with men. Masturbation during this period was associated with a wide range of physical and mental disorders and conditions such as syphilis and other venereal conditions were attributed to men who were engaged in the activity. During the Victorian era, it is believed that people were unaware of their sexuality and this gave the aristocrats the leeway to manipulate those they deemed fit. Though there exists the perception that Victorian England was marked by the presence of female distaste and male indulgence, evidence points to a situation where the couples enjoyed mutual sexual pleasure as seen today in the modern society (Alexander & Fisher, 2003). Attitude towards prostitution also changed as the leadership legalized and made the issue of prostitution public as opposed to the venerated act of the 17th century.

Theories on the History of Science as Social Constructs Essay

Theories on the History of Science as Social Constructs - Essay Example l description of Hess’s concepts related to the cultural construction of science and technology, this paper moves towards a comparison between the theories of Carolyn Merchant and Hess. Both of them have their own ideas related to science, technology and nature. Merchant takes a feminist stance in her description of science and technology. At the end, a conclusion is given that summarizes the overall paper. T.S. Kuhn is his book, â€Å"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions†, evaluates the history of Science. Kuhn illustrates that science has not developed from accretion of factual information but from continuous transforming situations and probabilities for the people related to scientific disciplines (Polsby, 1998). For Kuhn, science that was prevalent in different eras of history was an output of the factors at that time (Polsby, 1998). Kuhn divided the history of science in three phases. In the first phase, there was no agreement on a single theory and people differ from each other in terms of suggested theories due to which, the theories of this phase were left deficient (Kuhn, 1962). Second phase saw some acceptance on theories and there was proper experimentation and analysis (Kuhn, 1962). Kuhn regards the third phase of science as innovatory and revolutionary (Kuhn, 1962). According to Kuhn, science moves between these phases to get some results (Kuhn, 1962). The movie, â€Å"Mindwalk† directed by Bernt Amadeus Capra introduces three characters who are involved in a correspondence. First one is a politician; second one is a scientist while the third one is a poet. Each of them has a diverse viewpoint and sees the world differently. The movie is based on Kuhn ideas that are linked to the discovery of new concepts in scientific field. The movie illustrates that people should not rely on old discoveries and theories, they should revolutionize and should move towards new grounds. As Kuhn has explained that, every scientific development has three phases,

Stereotypes And Fantasies About The Us South Essay

Stereotypes And Fantasies About The Us South - Essay Example Music in itself has been described as an important parameter of culture (Abrams, 2011). What this means is that music is one of the constituent components of culture that can distinguish one culture from the other. Within the varying groups of culture that exists in the United States also, Southern American, or United States South is a core player with much influence in the socio-cultural dynamism of the country. Part of these dynamisms is the type of stereotype and fantasies associated with the South. In this essay, there is a defense for the statement that â€Å"Stereotypes and fantasies about the US South have been a major theme in the development of US popular music.† Common stereotypes and fantasies associated with the US South Historians and cultural experts trace the influence of the South on the socio-cultural dynamism of the US to days before the Civil War when there were accusations and counteraccusations of disparity against the South (Agnew, 2006). They believe tha t the current state of stereotype and fantasies that exists for people in the South is the direct cause of an unresolved conflict that can be traced to the aftermath of the war. Presently, the Southern ethnic heritage can be said to be made up of several cultural identities and differentiations mainly made up of African, Native American and European components (Baron, Hood, and Izard, 1996). Among these people, the commonest form of stereotype that has existed for years is a strong overlook in the US mass media, including literature, theatre and other creative forms of expressions (Kupperman, 2000). In some studies, the percentage of coverage given to this group is only 1% (Agnew, 2006). Generally, the cause of this is due to misconceptions associated with ethnic groups in the South as being cruel, of bad character, and uneducated. This stereotype has also led to a situation of fantasy within the group where they have argued that the Southern is also good for the highest positions o f the land, especially Blacks. How stereotypes and fantasies about the US South have influenced themes of US popular music Indeed, popular music gives a major cultural identity to US as a country. The themes of popular music have somewhat influenced the popularity of this type of music and contributed to its current international status (Kupperman, 2000). Without an iota of doubt, it can be said that the stereotype about the US South, and for that matter, the fantasies that have developed from it therefore has been very influential on the themes of US popular music. Specific examples can be given to how themes of US popular music has for years sought to justify the content of the Southerner’s character, saying that the Southerner is as good as the Northerner for any top decent position within the land. For example in 1983, Blowfly used the theme of his music as a crusade for the possibility of a Black President, titling his album, â€Å"The first black president†. What is more, in 1988, the US hip hop group, NWA made a music video that focused on the theme of a Black person being as fit for the presidency as a White when they had a caption from the White House that read, â€Å"Live from the Black House†

Critically discuss this statement. Provide examples of what techniques Essay

Critically discuss this statement. Provide examples of what techniques or approaches might be part of the province of Strategic Management Accounting, citing relevant research for their inclusion - Essay Example The information about the position of the competitor is, then, used to position the business in the best way to beat its competitors in the industry. Although Managers try to use strategic management accounting to advise their businesses on the competitive issues, there have been claims that the strategic management techniques that they are using, might already be in use in management accounting. This puts no use to the strategic management elements and techniques that the Strategic Management Accountants are busy applying in as far as competitive aspect of the business is concerned since these elements can as well be applied by the management accountants. Some of the authors and researchers who have questioned the use of strategic management accounting on advising businesses on issues of gaining competitive advantage include Beverly R. Lord (1996) and John K. Shank (1989) among others. This essay will majorly be based upon the claims of these two authors: Lord (1996) and Shank (1989), to unravel the clear position of the situation. The main born of contention here is to unravel the truth in their claims and either qualify or disqualify them. To be able to handle this issue, we will evaluate some of the strategic management accounting issues that the management accountants apply in their practice. The research will encompass the background information on the development of Management Accounting from traditional to modern practice. With these, we will then evaluate, using the existing literature, whether these elements and techniques applied by strategic management accountants for competitive advantage reasons already exist in the business operation through management accounting or not, and their relevance in decision making both in the short-term and long term basis. We will then conclude by giving support to a well-established

The Marketing Macroenvironment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Marketing Macroenvironment - Essay Example This is defined as one of the central ideas and concepts of marketing (Moore and Pareek 2006). But what is marketing exactly? Well, for one, marketing as a word has many definitions. For the common and layman’s terms, it is associated with selling or advertising. However, it has more meanings to it than that. For one, it is the process of creating, distributing, promoting and pricing goods, services or ideas in order to foster a satisfying relationship between manufacturers or other sources of goods, and the customers (Pride and Ferrell 2012). Also, one of its goals is to maintain this relationship as favorable as possible in order to facilitate more exchanges, not just with the buying customers but also other stakeholders as well, This would include other people that may not be necessarily buying the goods or services, but have financial input in the product or firm. This may also include people that do not have any direct interaction with the company itself, but may have pot ential as customers or stakeholders in the future. Another definition of marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association in 2005 as: â€Å"an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders† (Ries and Trout 2006). Also, in the realm of marketing, it is said that the customer holds the key as to whether the company or firm would be able to thrive or even become successful in terms of profits and development. Therefore, in order to become successful, a firm or company must be able to give satisfaction to their customers, and this lasting positive relationship between them would define the company as a whole (Silk 2006). The whole concept of marketing has many aspects as well as other deciding factors in the course of action of a firm or company. These would very well depend on the marketing environment. It is defined as the environment surrounding a company and its organization which can have an effect on its profits or even its reputation (Petzer, et al. 2006). For example, in the law of supply and demand, if there is low supply and a large demand, all competing companies would have a chance to create relationships to all customers, and by creating better services than the competition would make the company successful. However, if there is a large supply coming in from different competing groups of companies, the competition would be tougher since there would be more opponents to face, as well as the large market being divided among the competitors. Thus, being able to stand out among the rest would really make or break the company as a whole, as compared to only having a few competitors at hand (Petzer, et al. 2006). The marketing environment also has different factors that can affect it. These can be either be the microenviroment or the macroenvironment. The microenvironment is found in the company organization itself. The influence of the organization

Economic Urban Renewal Essay Example for Free

Economic Urban Renewal Essay During Urban renewal, what is in the best interest of the city is sometimes not in the best interest of many people in the City. And what is in the interest of the People is often not in the best interest of the City. Cities, or their disparate parts at varying rates, are always in one natural state of evolution or another: decline or renewal. Community organizations and individuals who have no expertise or experience in modern urban design and renewal have no place influencing the renewal agenda from an official capacity any more than a lawyer should be telling a doctor how to do neurosurgery on a sick patient. Urban Renewal and Design is a challenging and daunting endeavor even for the experts. Modern Renewal does not appease or allow a sense of entitlement by amateurs to meddle in the process from appointed political positions. Community groups with a sophisticated culture of urban economics and design should be invited into the process. A good example of this type of community group is the Design Advocacy Group in Philadelphia. Urban renewal is not a social welfare program. Social programs are already abundantly in existence for the needy in every City. Urban Renewal programs are special events. Urban Renewal programs co-opted by social activists will fail. Social programs masquerading as Renewal will eventually be exposed for what they are, with negative ramifications to follow, possibly inhibiting consideration of another renewal try any time in the foreseeable future. The same goes for political and institutional pork barrel projects masquerading as Renewal or Economic Recovery projects. Usually, the make up of the renewal board itself is a strong predictor of its direction, whether its makeup is weighted in favor of social community activists, politicians or known political cronies, representatives of major city institutions by proxy, or outside experts with no current or previous political or business ties to the region, no local constituency to appease, and with no continuing participation after achieving benchmarks. Even a so-called balanced board, that is, one that gives a seat to a representative of each of the citys major constituent groups, such as the major ethnic, political, business, religious, housing, social categories etc. may be cause for suspicion. These type of boards are mainly constituted to see that each gets its share of the pie, proclaiming unity while each pursues their own vision, going in separate directions while protecting their turf. A balanced board tends to neutralize, diminish and dilute the effectiveness of good plans in the compromising process of wheeling and dealing between groups. A balanced board that provides seats of influence to entitled non-experts is bound to fail. Body Urban renewal programs are historically almost orgiastic opportunities of cronyism and pork barrel corruption. Citizens, the Law and the Press must apply the highest scrutiny. Urban renewal is not a social experiment but a pro-business, free market enabler that attracts new businesses and residents, facilitated by physical redesign. Incentives intended to attract business into a renewal zone that contain local hiring requirements will find limited appeal, since the overwhelming majority of businesses want to be free to hire People based on their qualifications rather than their address. Urbanists recognize that individual economic and residential decisions are based on self-interest, and that successful renewal depends on the cumulative effect of thousands of individual decisions. Cities where community activists have a reputation for strong-arming new businesses will have a difficult time of renewal. The existing state of the City asks at any given moment, Why would anyone choose to live or operate a business here when they have the option to choose another locale? The City may ask the question, but only outside stakeholders can answer it. Urbanists need to identify outside stakeholders and get an accurate picture of what it will take for them to move into the City. Renewal planners must constantly adjust their plans to appease stakeholders outside the City as information suggests. Urban renewal is the removing of blight and creating high density, safe attractive walkable new neighborhoods and shopping districts through policy and design. It is for the immediate benefit of middle and upper class business owners and individuals who will settle and create a sufficient tax base to provide services in the future for all residents. These are shoppers, business owners and residents who do not yet have any presence in the City. In other words, present City residents and businesses must bite the bullet and make sacrifices for current outsiders to accrue future benefits. Every move in this direction speeds up the renewal process. The immediate target constituency for urban renewal programs lay outside the City, not in it. Todays residents will receive future benefits through others that cannot come to fruition any other way. Territorial attitudes and a sense of entitlement that attempt to keep outsiders at bay and keep benefits in will generate no benefits and further isolate Inner City poor from mainstream opportunities. Urban renewal efforts influenced by social service and affordable housing providers will come to resemble a social service program and be a complete turn-off to the regions middle and upper class. Renewal leaders who as politicians had a history of applying short term patches to long term problems, or who have a prior or newly established business relationship with large institutional beneficiaries of renewal funds, will find it hard to build trust with skeptical stakeholders, especially prominent business People with honed analytical skills. The history, business and political ties of Renewal leaders will play a large role as to informing stakeholders’ decisions. Without attracting a viable upper class from the region urban renewal is dead. Often used specious arguments by community activists such as we stayed and stood by the City during its hard times, now we deserve something†¦ is a thinly disguised parasitic, something for nothing attitude. People do not hesitate to move to a better neighborhood when they can. Renewal leaders who succumb to this victimology do the City and its good people a disservice while repelling desirable potential inhabitants. While large historical forces have shaped the American ghetto, this is the context in which some must deal with their problems, not an excuse for failure or benefits beyond the social sector. Life can be hard and harder for some, but Urban Renewal funds are not to be used as welfare funds or for public housing. That is what the local housing and welfare boards, with their separate and historical funding sources are for. Church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued (McAteer, 1975). No matter how many People attend church or work hard in some cites, it is a lack of architectural cohesion, wasted space in the form of parking lots and vacant lots, vandalism and other property crimes, burglary and thefts, the preponderance of illegal drug markets, violence, blight, rampant anti-social behaviors, tacky shoddy retail shops, gangs, unruly teenagers, school violence, illegitimacy and lack of a skilled and employable populace that creates the profile of a worst case inner City needing attention. These problems in turn lead to a lack of economic and social capital. Churches are valuable institutions in their historical role as spiritual guides, facilitators of personal transformation and, in urban areas, the delivery of social services. Serious Urbanists must ferret out the challenges of a city, divide them between the predictable and fixable (design) and the theoretical (social) and work on them separately, considering the two processes operate on wholly different timelines and practices. Social challenges, whose solutions are purely theoretical with no predictable outcome based on past history, are on a timeline of 20 years ( one generation) to infinity, ( or never, since poverty and its associated pathologies have been in existence on this planet since the beginning of mankind, despite the best intentions of policy makers throughout history. Urbanists should work on what is known and doable within the allotted time, and not engage in risky experimentation that may ruin a window of opportunity, leaving the larger social problems, those beyond which soundly designed built environments can positively effectuate to social theorists. Urban design and physical development is a proven methodology of urban change within a specified period. Desirable outside stakeholders are, almost by definition not in need of church social services. Therefore, churches should be considered in the social and theoretical People side of the renewal equation. Urbanists must be careful to avoid The Seattle Process, that is, the civic inclination to seek so much public input and consider so many sides of an argument that nothing actually gets done. A good Urbanist begins an operation with the same singular confidence of a surgeon opening a patient’s chest. Like a good doctor, a good Urbanist persuades a patient as to what is necessary for health, does not let the patient write his own prescriptions, and gains the patients trust and cooperation for the patients own good. Church organizations often become a default local government in dysfunctional cities, securing government and philanthropic contracts and fees to provide social services. Rather than being content with the compensation and intrinsic rewards for doing good works, when renewal funds become available, churches often subsume renewal efforts into their mission, demanding a cut of the economic pie, a seat at the political table, and influence to engineer social outcomes through shaky experimental theories. Too often opportunistic ministers, both storefront and traditional, subordinate their historical role to become real estate developers in the profitable non-profit housing industry. Successful at supplanting market oriented Licensed Planners in master-planning neighborhoods, whole areas are taken off the market and are assigned for low-income housing development and rehabilitation to benefit owners and tenants who cannot afford or dont maintain their properties. This does not correct the underlying problem, the inability of poor residents to maintain their properties, and resets to the beginning the deterioration cycle, which leads inevitably to another tax payer bailout. Churches also attempt to insert themselves as the moral arbiters of what the City should be, conflicting with equally legitimate visions of other stakeholders. Urbanist should not mediate the competing visions of others, but should know what the course of action is and concentrate on their own vision. Urbanist must take command of the situation. Only church organizations that understand the economics and design necessary to attract outsiders into the City should be part of the renewal team. No more than one, if any, church seat on the board should be allowed, which represents the aggregate voice of the City religious institutions, and only those institutions that understand outside stakeholder interests. This is a concept familiar to all People of faith and can contribute to renewal success. The board presence and influence of City churches without any renewal expertise beyond low-income housing services should be as limited as their experience. Urban renewal is difficult enough without allowing fake experts on board. A healthy adversarial relationship between social activists and Urbanists should be acknowledged. The basis for this differentiation is the recognition that the City also consists of buildings, streets, infrastructure, related public services and utilities such as street and sewer service, architecture, physical neighborhood design cohesion and allure, special districts, location and transportation assets, zoning laws, tax assessment considerations, finance, business attraction strategies, public relations, marketing activities and more that are far and away outside the purview and expertise of social scientists subsidized housing activists and theorists. The best organizational chart would group these varied disciplines into appropriate categories receiving specialized representation into People (Social) and City (Renewal). Let the chips fall where they may. Ubiquitous poverty is repellent to members of the Middle and Upper Class. To find themselves surrounded by poverty and blight is their worst nightmare. Urbanists must avoid including any plans or designs that provide or support poverty programs. This should be left to the social activists. Urbanists should not over-reach and attempt to do more than they are qualified for or have the resources to do, especially when duplicating existing organizations servicing that need. Urbanists should refrain from incorporating fuzzy social goals or any other programs that rely on rosy predictions that are hard to objectively justify. Whenever possible, Urbanists should present appropriately analogous models to support their position. Unlike Social Theory, which has applied uncountable programs, ideas and billions of dollars to distressed urban cores, the great majority of which have failed, it has been proven that graphic urban design codes serve as predictable guides for change. Intrusive blight and poverty, and its associated social pathologies are the overwhelming reason Isolated City renewal efforts fail. Isolated City in this context can be defined as a City that has no existing viable and attractive residential, commercial or arts areas to build out from. Isolated Cities are the least likely to have a successful renewal and must pull out all the stops in areas of design and incentives to attract outside stakeholders (Lees, 1985). Regional poor move to areas that have a culture of the poor, where they feel less stigmatized and self-conscious, and can find and bond comfortably with others in familiar situations. The abundance of support services for the poor further encourages settlement. Above all, poor people gravitate to areas where they can afford to live, bringing with them all the psychological and social pathologies of such a tough and sad existence. Concentrations of poverty also are, to a great degree, the end result of old racist traditions, expressed in public policies and business practices decades earlier. Zoning laws, and the open discriminatory practice of suburban real estate agents refusing to sell to minorities, post WWII through the 1970s, established the present ethnic and socio-economic configuration of urban areas and suburbs. This law contains loopholes for developers and communities with an anti low income housing bias. In light of history and current practices, a solid argument can be made for compensation to certain classes and groups who have inherited the terrible ramifications of this process. However, Renewal Funds and plans are an inappropriate source. No Urban Renewal effort has ever received enough funding to do as much as is needed, and cannot take on the added burden of compensating for societys misdeeds. Failed urban renewal cycles are more the rule than the exception, and the heavy and counter-productive hand of poverty services has played a major part in their failures. In some cities however, with every cycle they have become more expert in inserting themselves into the mix. With such limited vision partners unschooled in economics as gate-keepers, it is no wonder that the full complexity, serendipity and dynamics of market forces, investors, individual visions, entrepreneurial endeavors and regional participation rarely gets a shot at involvement before the renewal steam runs out. Social activists truly committed to helping the urban poor should consider helping them relocate out of distressed cities and into settings more conducive to pursuing life, liberty and happiness. Where life is risky, and crime reduces liberty, pursuit of happiness is severely hampered. It is time to form a moral argument free of bile and acrimony and take it to the outlying regions that owe their lifestyles to regional social problem repositories in urban areas. If troubled cities are to make a comeback, the outward migration of urban poor must begin, coinciding with an inflow of self-reliant urban pioneers. Nothing less than a 1960s style movement in scope and argument will do. Considering the historic resistance to minorities and the poor in the suburbs, the argument should be taken to suburban churches first. Presented with a compelling and irrefutable moral argument, these churches must accept it or reveal a moral, ethical and religious hypocrisy. Here, urban community development activists and church organizations have an important role. In a best case scenario, the suburban churches will spearhead the drive for the end of segregation and integration into their neighborhoods (Davis, 2000). Urbanites in communities with strong values should not fear their values will be overpowered by the pathologies of poverty, but instead will be a powerful influence for good to all who are exposed to them. Any City with a publicly assisted populace of more than 20% must create programs to promote an outflow to the suburbs to have any chance of renewal. Cities can begin by freezing growth of the poverty service industry. Inner City residents who move to stable communities can immediately enjoy the benefits of mainstream American life and its opportunities for building social capital, instead of waiting and taking the risk that renewal benefits, years off into the future, may not materialize at all. Minorities can be assured that modern day discrimination is relatively weak, and is based more on behavior than race. No City can accomplish operational self-sufficiency with a subsidized population exceeding 20%. Courts and legislative bodies recognize the deleterious and burdensome effects of a low income housing market above 20%, by capping obligations at this point. The questionable history of subsidized housings premier programs and experienced practitioners should be enough to scare off Urbanists from getting caught up in it. HUD program known as Section 108 which allows block-grant communities to raise money for loans by floating HUD-backed notes, has a staggering 59 percent default rate. Although government programs are expected to make riskier bets than private banks (whose loan-default rates are typically in the low single digits), the stratospheric failure rate of HUD loans amounts to a squandering of millions of taxpayer dollars, since taxpayers are on the hook for these loan guarantees. It is a rare suburb that has a subsidized housing population approaching anywhere near 20%. The higher a Citys low income housing stock, the less the area appeals to potential newcomers who do not depend on public assistance. Helping as many poor to move out of the City and into better neighborhoods is an important social mission that should endure through all times. It is a mission separate from Urban renewal and should not be commingled.